Difference between revisions of "Snow Card Inputs - Optional"
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| − | The following tables list all project file cards pertaining to snow accumulation, melt, and melt-water transport | + | The following tables list all project file cards pertaining to snow accumulation, melt, and melt-water transport. <br> |
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! Melt Method !! Card !! Description | ! Melt Method !! Card !! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''[[Hybrid Energy Balance]]''' || <pre>default (no card)</pre> || The Hybrid Energy Balance Method for melting snow is the default, so it is utilized if '''NWSRFS_SNOW''' and '''EB_SNOW''' are not present in the Project File. | + | | '''[[Hybrid Energy Balance]]''' || <pre>default (no card required)</pre> || The Hybrid Energy Balance Method for melting snow is the default, so it is utilized if '''NWSRFS_SNOW''' and '''EB_SNOW''' are not present in the Project File. |
|- | |- | ||
| '''[[Temperature Index]]''' || <pre>NWSRFS_SNOW</pre> || The Temperature Index Method for melting snow is utilized if this card is present in the Project File. | | '''[[Temperature Index]]''' || <pre>NWSRFS_SNOW</pre> || The Temperature Index Method for melting snow is utilized if this card is present in the Project File. | ||
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| <pre>NWSRFS_SCF ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || ''fraction'' || Snow Cover Factor (adjusts for mis-readings in the gage data (see '''[[Continuous:Snowfall_Accumulation_and_Melting]]'''). | | <pre>NWSRFS_SCF ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || ''fraction'' || Snow Cover Factor (adjusts for mis-readings in the gage data (see '''[[Continuous:Snowfall_Accumulation_and_Melting]]'''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <pre>SNOW_TEMP_BASE ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || °C || Base Temperature ('''MBASE''') at which melt in snow | + | | <pre>SNOW_TEMP_BASE ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || °C || Base Temperature ('''MBASE''') at which melt begins in snow. |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <pre>SNOW_SWE_FILE ***.swe</pre> || '' | + | | <pre>SNOW_NO_INFILTRATE</pre> || || || This option prevents infiltration in any cell containing snow. |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>INIT_SWE_DEPTH #.# or File</pre> || real or ''File || m || Initializes the snow water equivalent (SWE) for the entire model. If a value is specified the entire model initializes with that value of SWE. A map file may also be specified. The projection and spatial coordinates must be the same as the model. An example input file is shown below. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>SNOW_SWE_FILE ***.swe</pre> || ''File || m || Outputs time-series snow water equivalent maps (similar to DEP file). | ||
| + | |} <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Example file when using '''INIT_SWE_DEPTH'''<br> | ||
| + | [[File:Init_Snow.jpg]]<br> | ||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | '''Cards Associated with BOTH [[Hybrid Energy Balance]] and [[Temperature Index]] Methods''' <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="thin" width=700px | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Card !! Argument !! Units !! Description | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_FR_USE ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || ''fraction'' || Specifies the fraction of precipitation in the form of rain when the temperature in the cell drops below '''MBASE'''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_TIPM ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || || Snow Cover Thermal Gradient | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_NMF ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || mm/°C/dt || Negative Melt Factor. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_FUA ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || || Empirical Wind Function Factor. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_PLWHC ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || % || Percent Liquid Water Holding Capacity. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_ELEV_SNOW File</pre> || ''File|| depends on parameter || This card allows some of the parameters related to snow to be varied depending on elevation using elevation bands. Model elevation (*.ele file) must be in meters. The format of the input file is shown below. | ||
| + | |} <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Example file when using '''NWSRFS_ELEV_SNOW'''<br> | ||
| + | [[File:Band_NWSRFS.jpg]]<br> | ||
| + | Elevations are in meters, all other values are in their standard formats. | ||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | '''Cards Associated with JUST [[Temperature Index]] Method''' <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="thin" width=700px | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Card !! Argument !! Units !! Description | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_MF_MAX ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || mm/°C/dt || Maximum Melt Factor, only works with '''NWSRFS_SNOW'''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>NWSRFS_MF_MIN ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || mm/°C/dt || Minimum Melt Factor, only works with '''NWSRFS_SNOW'''. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | '''Cards Associated with Vertical Melt Water Transport ([[Vertical MWT]])''' <br> | ||
| + | The implementation of SNAP for transport through the snow is considered experimental, and is not reccomended at this time.<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="thin" width=700px | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Card !! Argument !! Units !! Description | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>SNAP_RETENTION</pre> || || || NOT RECOMMENDED AT THIS TIME. Uses the SNAP model (Albert & Krajeski, 1998) to simulate the vertical transport of melt-water through the snow pack ('''[[Vertical MWT]]'''). Use of SNAP is not currently recommended. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>''Default''</pre> || || || Uses the SNAP model (Albert & Krajeski, 1998) to simulate the depth and porosity of the snowpack. Vertical transport of melt-water through the snow pack ('''[[Vertical MWT]]''') is simulated using methods by Bengtsson (1982). Melt waves are created that distributes the melt incrementally over an hour instead of abruptly at every timestep. | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | '''Cards Associated with | + | |
| + | '''Cards Associated with Lateral Melt Water Transport ([[Lateral MWT]])''' <br> | ||
{| class="thin" width=700px | {| class="thin" width=700px | ||
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! Card !! Argument !! Units !! Description | ! Card !! Argument !! Units !! Description | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <pre> | + | |<pre>ROUTE_LAT_SNOW </pre> || ''none'' || || Simulates the lateral transport of melt-water through the snow pack based on work by Colbeck (1974) ('''[[Lateral MWT]]'''). The hydraulic conductivity changes with time according to the SNAP model (Albert & Krajeski, 1998) unless a user specified value is entered with the card SNOW_DARCY. |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>SNOW_DARCY ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || m s<sup>-1</sup> || Simulates the lateral transport of melt-water through the snow pack based on work by Colbeck (1974) ('''[[Lateral MWT]]'''). The user specifies the hydraulic conductivity of the snow pack used during the duration of the simulation (m s<sup>-1</sup>). Default is to calculate the hydraulic conductivity with SNAP. Use of SNAP is not currently recommended. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <pre>SNOW_REYNOLDS ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || || Reynolds Number at which flow simulation switches from Darcian to regular Overland. Only effects cells covered by snow and only works when '''SNOW_DARCY''' card present in Project File. CURRENTLY NOT USED. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | '''Cards Associated with [[Orographic Effects]]''' <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="thin" width=700px | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | ! Card !! Argument !! Units !! Description | |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <pre> | + | | <pre>HMET_ELEV_GAGE ##.##</pre> || ''real'' || m || Elevation (m) of the gage site where temperature is measured. Default value is the lowest elevation cell in your domain. |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <pre> | + | | <pre>YES_DALR_FLAG #.#####</pre> || ''real'' || °C m<sup>-1</sup> || Dry adiabatic lapse rate of the area modeled. Best when '''HMET_ELEV_GAGE''' card is present in Project File. Value should be positive and between 0.0045 and 0.00981 °C m<sup>-1</sup>. Please see '''[[Orographic Effects]]''' for more information. |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <pre> | + | | <pre>''DEFAULT''</pre> || ''none'' || °C m<sup>-1</sup> || Lapse rate is calculated within GSSHA using HMET data and the elevation of the gage site. Lapse rate is then applied to adjust the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity of each cell within the basin. Best when '''HMET_ELEV_GAGE''' card is present in Project File. Please see '''[[Orographic Effects]]''' for more information. |
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:52, 28 December 2013
The following tables list all project file cards pertaining to snow accumulation, melt, and melt-water transport.
Cards calling which snow melt algorithm to use
| Melt Method | Card | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hybrid Energy Balance | default (no card required) |
The Hybrid Energy Balance Method for melting snow is the default, so it is utilized if NWSRFS_SNOW and EB_SNOW are not present in the Project File. |
| Temperature Index | NWSRFS_SNOW |
The Temperature Index Method for melting snow is utilized if this card is present in the Project File. |
| Energy Balance | EB_SNOW |
The Energy Balance Method for melting snow is utilized if this card is present in the Project File. |
Cards Associated with All Three Melt Methods
| Card | Argument | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
NWSRFS_SCF ##.## |
real | fraction | Snow Cover Factor (adjusts for mis-readings in the gage data (see Continuous:Snowfall_Accumulation_and_Melting). |
SNOW_TEMP_BASE ##.## |
real | °C | Base Temperature (MBASE) at which melt begins in snow. |
SNOW_NO_INFILTRATE |
This option prevents infiltration in any cell containing snow. | ||
INIT_SWE_DEPTH #.# or File |
real or File | m | Initializes the snow water equivalent (SWE) for the entire model. If a value is specified the entire model initializes with that value of SWE. A map file may also be specified. The projection and spatial coordinates must be the same as the model. An example input file is shown below. |
SNOW_SWE_FILE ***.swe |
File | m | Outputs time-series snow water equivalent maps (similar to DEP file). |
Example file when using INIT_SWE_DEPTH
Cards Associated with BOTH Hybrid Energy Balance and Temperature Index Methods
| Card | Argument | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
NWSRFS_FR_USE ##.## |
real | fraction | Specifies the fraction of precipitation in the form of rain when the temperature in the cell drops below MBASE. |
NWSRFS_TIPM ##.## |
real | Snow Cover Thermal Gradient | |
NWSRFS_NMF ##.## |
real | mm/°C/dt | Negative Melt Factor. |
NWSRFS_FUA ##.## |
real | Empirical Wind Function Factor. | |
NWSRFS_PLWHC ##.## |
real | % | Percent Liquid Water Holding Capacity. |
NWSRFS_ELEV_SNOW File |
File | depends on parameter | This card allows some of the parameters related to snow to be varied depending on elevation using elevation bands. Model elevation (*.ele file) must be in meters. The format of the input file is shown below. |
Example file when using NWSRFS_ELEV_SNOW
Elevations are in meters, all other values are in their standard formats.
Cards Associated with JUST Temperature Index Method
| Card | Argument | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
NWSRFS_MF_MAX ##.## |
real | mm/°C/dt | Maximum Melt Factor, only works with NWSRFS_SNOW. |
NWSRFS_MF_MIN ##.## |
real | mm/°C/dt | Minimum Melt Factor, only works with NWSRFS_SNOW. |
Cards Associated with Vertical Melt Water Transport (Vertical MWT)
The implementation of SNAP for transport through the snow is considered experimental, and is not reccomended at this time.
| Card | Argument | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
SNAP_RETENTION |
NOT RECOMMENDED AT THIS TIME. Uses the SNAP model (Albert & Krajeski, 1998) to simulate the vertical transport of melt-water through the snow pack (Vertical MWT). Use of SNAP is not currently recommended. | ||
''Default'' |
Uses the SNAP model (Albert & Krajeski, 1998) to simulate the depth and porosity of the snowpack. Vertical transport of melt-water through the snow pack (Vertical MWT) is simulated using methods by Bengtsson (1982). Melt waves are created that distributes the melt incrementally over an hour instead of abruptly at every timestep. |
Cards Associated with Lateral Melt Water Transport (Lateral MWT)
| Card | Argument | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
ROUTE_LAT_SNOW |
none | Simulates the lateral transport of melt-water through the snow pack based on work by Colbeck (1974) (Lateral MWT). The hydraulic conductivity changes with time according to the SNAP model (Albert & Krajeski, 1998) unless a user specified value is entered with the card SNOW_DARCY. | |
SNOW_DARCY ##.## |
real | m s-1 | Simulates the lateral transport of melt-water through the snow pack based on work by Colbeck (1974) (Lateral MWT). The user specifies the hydraulic conductivity of the snow pack used during the duration of the simulation (m s-1). Default is to calculate the hydraulic conductivity with SNAP. Use of SNAP is not currently recommended. |
SNOW_REYNOLDS ##.## |
real | Reynolds Number at which flow simulation switches from Darcian to regular Overland. Only effects cells covered by snow and only works when SNOW_DARCY card present in Project File. CURRENTLY NOT USED. |
Cards Associated with Orographic Effects
| Card | Argument | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
HMET_ELEV_GAGE ##.## |
real | m | Elevation (m) of the gage site where temperature is measured. Default value is the lowest elevation cell in your domain. |
YES_DALR_FLAG #.##### |
real | °C m-1 | Dry adiabatic lapse rate of the area modeled. Best when HMET_ELEV_GAGE card is present in Project File. Value should be positive and between 0.0045 and 0.00981 °C m-1. Please see Orographic Effects for more information. |
''DEFAULT'' |
none | °C m-1 | Lapse rate is calculated within GSSHA using HMET data and the elevation of the gage site. Lapse rate is then applied to adjust the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity of each cell within the basin. Best when HMET_ELEV_GAGE card is present in Project File. Please see Orographic Effects for more information. |
GSSHA User's Manual
- 3 Project File
- 3.1 Required Inputs
- 3.2 Mapping Table – Optional
- 3.3 Overland Flow – Required
- 3.4 Interception – Optional
- 3.5 Rainfall Input and Options – Required
- 3.6 Infiltration – Optional
- 3.7 Channel Routing – Optional
- 3.8 Continuous Simulations – Optional
- 3.9 Saturated Groundwater Flow – Optional
- 3.10 Soil Erosion – Optional
- 3.11 Constituent Transport – Optional
- 3.12 Subsurface Drainage Network – Optional
- 3.13 Output Files – Required
